Internal-combustion engine



E. L. MALSBARY.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE I4, 1917- 1,386, 129. Patented A g- 2, 1921.

fX/Mosr 3 27 WITNESSES INVENTOR ELMmsmwr,

UNITED-STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDWARD LEIGH HALSBARY, O1" RENO, NEVADA.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

. a specification.

internal combustion engines and it consists in thecombinations, constructions and arrangements herein described and claimed An object'of my invention isto rovide an engine of the two-cycle type w ich is scavenged as completely as an engine or motor of the four-cycle type.

- A further object of my invention is .to

I provide a device of the type described in which the explosive charge is forced through the hottest part of themotor, thereby not onl renderm the fuel more easily ignited an consume but also tending to cool the engine. 7

further object of my invention is to provide an engine in which the use of ports such as those ordinarily used in two-cycle e ines is dispensed with" A ther objects and advantages will appear in the following specification and the novel features of the inventionwill be particularl pointed out in the appended claims.

y invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, forming part of this application, in wh1chv Figure 1 is a central vertical section through the device,

Fig. 2 is a side view of the piston. In carrying out my invention I provide a crank case 1 containing the usual cran lkh2 c latter is secured at 4 to a wrist pin which i is firmly secured to the walls of the reduced portion of the iston 5. This reduced portion is connecte with an enlarged portion 6.

The casing 7 of the engine has a reduced portion 8 in which the reduced portion 5 of the piston moves. The top part of the piston member 5 is cored .out to receive the slidable sleeve 9 which is connected with a.

valve 10. The yalve 10 is equal 'in diameter to the explosion piston 5 with a slidin fit in the bore of the explosion cylinder, an is 1practically the head of the piston. This va ve is .s aced apart from the piston portion 5 an has a seat 11 near its outer edge. It should be observed particularly that the Specification of Letters Patent.

My inventlon relates to improvements in seat 11 includes the upwardly inclined surface which leads to the interior surface of the cylinder. This inclination directs the as upwardly when releasedunder pressure. he valve is normally held on the seat by means of a sprin 12, one end of which bears 1 on a nut 13 whic is screwed to the sleeve 9,

the other end bearing on a head 14 which is fastened to a stem 15 secured to the piston member 5. A by-pass 16' leads from the space within the sleeve 9 to a valve chamber 1 in whlch is disposed a valve 18 which is held by a spring 19 normall on its seat. This valve 18 covers a port 20 lb annular chamber 21.

The intake pipe is shown at 22. Com-' munication between the intake'pipe 22 and the annular chamber 21 is controlled by a sleeve valve 23 which is operated by a cam 24, a spring 25 being provided for normally holding the valve in closed position. At 26 I have shown a water jacket for the engine.

The top of the engine comprises an ex.- haust passage 27 which is controlled by the valve 28 manipulated by a valve rod which is normally closed by a spring 29, but which may be opened by the rod 30 acting through a lever 31. A spark plug 32 is provided for igniting the charge.

From the foregoing description of the va rious parts of the device, the operation thereof may be readily understood.

Let us assume that the device is in the position shown in Fig. 1 and that a char as just been exploded. It will drive t piston downward y and the chamber 21 will then increase in volume. At the first downward movement of the piston the valve 23 is opened by the cam 24 so that the fuel is drawn in from the intake pipe 22 into the chamber 21. At or near the limit of the downward stroke of the piston the valve 23 is closed, thus trapping the fuel in the chamber 21. On the return or upstroke of the piston the exhaust valve 28 is opened and valve 18 is forced open by the pressure created in the chamber 21, and the gas is forced through the the sleeve 9. ere it meets the valve 10 and ading to an Patented Aug. 2, 1921. Application med June 14, 1917. Serial No. 174,705.

lifts it from its seat permitting the gas to enter the explosion chamber 33 through the grooves 34 at-the sides of the valve 10. This mcomin-g gas is already compressed and ready to fire. When the piston reaches the proper point ignition will take place and rive the piston forwardly again. It will thus be seen that several advantages are accomplished. In the. first place, the entrance and exit of the gases are controlled by valves, thus eliminating the ports which are ordinarily used in two-cycle engines. The cylinder is scave ed in a similar manner to that of a four-cyc e engine. The incoming chargeis brought into close contact with the hottest part of the engine thereby cooling the engine and also heatin the charge. Inasmuch as one'of the disa vantages ordinarily experienced with two-cycle engines is the fact that they tend to heat up quickly and are ordinarily not thoroughly scavenged of the spent charge, it will be readil seen that in this device I have overcome t ese objections without sacrificing the power which is obtained in an engine of the two-cycle type.

I claim 1. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder having a bore of two diameters providing a compression and an explosion chamber, a piston having lower and upper portions different in diameter to fit the correponding compression and explosion chamtiers, a y-pass in the piston leading from the compression to the explosion chamber, a valve in the lower end of the by-pass, having a spring arranged to keep the valve closed for a predetermined time and until overpowered by the pressure in the compression chamber, and a valve mounted in the upper end of the by-pass and operating in the head of the explosion cylinder practically forming the head of the piston.

2. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder having a bore of two diameters providing a compression and an explosion chamber, the explosion chamber having a plurality of gas grooves, a piston having lower and upper portions different in diameter to fit the corresponding compression and explosion chambers, a by-pass in the piston leading from the compression to the explosion chamber, a valve in the lower end of the by-pass, having a spring normally keeping the valve closed but being overcome by the increasing pressure in the compression chamber on the upstroke of the piston, and a valve mounted in the upper end of the by-pass with a seat on the piston and having a head operating in the bore of the explosion cylinder practically forming the head of the piston, said valve opening under gas pressure in the by-pass, and permitting the gas to pass into the explosion chamber through the gas grooves upon reaching them.

3. ii an internal combustion engine, a cylinder having a bore of two diameters providing a compression and an explosion chamber, the explosion chamber having a plurality of gas grooves, a iston hav ing lower and upper portions di erent in diameter to fit the corresponding compression and explosion chambers, a by-pass in the piston leading from the compression to the explo-' sion chamber, a valve in the lower end of the by-pass, having a spring normally keeping the valve closed but being pvercome by the increasing pressure in the compression chamber on the upstroke of the piston, a valve mounted in the upper end of the bypass and having a head operating in the bore of the explosion cylinder practically forming the head of the piston, said valve opening under gas pressure in the bypass and permitting the gas to pass into the explosion. chamber through the gas grooves upon reaching them, and a seat on the end of the piston, with an upwardly inclined wall leading to the gas grooves, to direct the gas toward the grooves when the valve unvalvemounted on top of the explosion piston and controlling the discharge of the compressed gas from the by-pass to the explosion chamber through the grooves, said valve being equal in diameter to the explo sion piston and practically forming the piston head.

5. A two-cycle internal combustion engine comprising an outer cylindrical casing having a reduced portion, a piston having a body portion arranged to engage the inte rior of said outer casing and a reduced portion arranged to engage the interior of the reduced portion of said casing, an annular compression chamber between the junction of the reduced portion of the casing with the main cylindrical portion and the reduced portion of the piston with its main cylindrical portion, a valve carried at the end of the reduced portion of the piston, said valve having a chamber, a by-pass between said valve chamber and said compression chamber, a valve for controlling the entrance of fuel into said compression chamber, a check valve between said compression chamber and said by-pass, spring means carried by the reduced portion of the piston for pressing the valve carried-by said reduced portion against its seat, and grooves in the walls of the reduced portion of the casing for permitting the passage of gas when the piston valve is unseate i 6. Instrumentalities embodied in a twocycle internal combustion engine for scavenging the cylinder of a previously burnt charge before introduc' a fresh charge comprising a cylinder with a plurality of gas grooves near the top and an exhaust valve, a piston operating 111 the cylinder and haust gas is substantially completely forced out of the exhaust valve on the inward stroke of the piston.

7 Means in an internal combustion engine, for introducing into the explosion chamber a compressed charge of gas equal to or greater in volume than the piston displacement of said chamber, and completely scavenging the explosion chamber during the act of compressing the gas; consisting of a piston having piston heads of different diameters with a gas trap extending from the lower to the upper piston head, a spring seated valve controlling the entrance to the gas trap in the lower piston head, a spring seated valve controlling the exit of the gas trap at the upper piston' head and being the same in diameter as the piston head, a cylinder for the piston, of different diameters to correspond to the piston heads, the

upper cylinder having gas grooves at the top to enable the-transference of the compressed gas in the tra chamber upon the prior expulsion of all burnt gas, a gas inlet joined to the lower cylinder, including a valve chamber with a short passage leading to the cylinder, and a tubular inlet valve operating in said chamber producing a wide gas passage in the valve chamber when opened, and shutting ofi' the valve chamber when closed, causing substantially all of the gas to enter the gas tra 4 8 The combination of a piston having a by-pass terminating in an enlarged chamber at the top, a stem fixed in the chamber, a false piston head arranged to act as a valve, having a sleeve portion slidable in the chamber and provided with gas outlet ports, and resilient means interposed between said stem and a portion of said sleeve to normally hold the false head against the piston.

9. An internal combustion engine, comprising in combination a cylinder having two portions of unequal internal diameter, a power piston having two portions of unequal external diameter and arranged to reciprocate in said cylinder, said cylinder having an intake port communicating with that portion thereof which has the larger diameter and a combustion chamber communicating with that portion thereof which has the smaller diameter, that portion of said plston to the combustion which has the smaller diameter having a passageway therethrough, and a sub-piston arranged to close said passageway during the power stroke.

10. An internal combustion engine, comprising in combination a cylinder having two portions of unequal internal diameter, and a. power iston; having two portions of unequa external dlameter and arranged to reciprocate in said cylinder, said cylinder having an intake .port communicating with that portion thereof which has the larger diameter, the end of that portion of said cylinder which is of the smaller diameter being provided with a fuel conducting passage, a combustion chamber communicating with that portion thereof which has-the smaller diameter, that portion of said piston which has the-smaller diameterhaving a passageway therethrough, and a, sub-piston arranged to close said passageway during the ower stroke.

11. An interna combustion engine, com prising in combination a cylinder having two portions of unequal internal diameter, a power piston having two portions of unequal external diameter and arranged to reciprocate in said cylinder, said cylinder having an intake port communicating with that portion thereof which has the larger diameter and a combustion chamber communicating with that portion thereof which has the smaller diameter, that portion of said piston which has the smaller diameter having a passageway therethrough, a subpiston arranged between said power piston and said combustion chamber, and spring means for holding said sub-piston on said power piston durmg the power stroke.

12. An internal combustion engine, com

prising in combination a cylinder having a combustion chamber, means whereby a charge of fuel and air is drawn into said cylinder, means whereby said charge is forced under pressure into said combustion chamber in the form of a hollow cylinder,

the walls of which are sufiiciently thin to efiect such a thorough mixing of said charge that, substantially, combustion will result on ignition, a valveless sub-piston for preventing said charge from comminglin with the burned ases of the previous exp osion, and means orcontrolling said sub-piston.

13. An internal combustion engine, comprising in combination a cylinder having a combustion chamber, means whereby a charge of fuel and air is drawn into saidcylinder, means whereby said charge is forced under pressure into said combustion chamber in a thin annular sheet, a valveless sub-piston for preventing said charge from commingling with the burned gases of the previous explosion, and means for controlling said sub-piston.

14. An internal combustion engine, comprising in combination a cylinder terminating in a combustion chamber, the combustion chamber end of said cylinder being counterbored; a power iston arranged to reciprocate in said cylin er, and a sub-piston located between said power piston and said combustion chamber, the area between the peripheral surface of said sub-piston andthe wall of the counterbored portion of the cylinder being so small that a charge-of fuel and air may be forced therethrough into the combustion chamber in an annular sheet sufiiciently thin to effect such a thorough mixing of said charge that substantially complete combustion will result on ignition, and means for controlling said sub-piston.

15. An internal combustion engine, comprising in combination a cylinder terminating in a combustion chamber, the combustion chamber end of said cylinder being counterbored; a power piston arranged to reciprocate in said cylinder, a sub-piston located between said power plston and said combustion chamber, and mechanical means for controlling said sub-piston.

16. An internal combustion engine, com-- prising in combination a cylinder terminatmg in a combustion chamber, the combustion chamber end of said cylinder being counterbored; a power piston arranged to reciprocate in sald cylinder, a sub-piston located between said power piston and said combustion chamber, and spring means 'for controlling said sub-pisto g 17. An internal combustion engine, comprising in combination a cylinder terminatmg in a combustion chamber, the combustion chamber end of said cylinder being counterbored. the bottom of the counter-bore being beveled inwardly; a ower iston arranged to reciprocate in sai cylindgr, a sub-piston located between said power piston and said Y combustion chamber, the area between the peripheral surface of said sub-piston and the wall of the counter-bored portion of the cylinder bein so small that a charge of fuel and air may be forced therethrough into the combustion chamber in an annular sheet sufficiently thin to effect such a thorou h mixing of said charge that substantial y complete combustion will result on ignition, and means for controlling said subiston.

EDWARD LEIGH MAL BABY.

Witnesses:

SADIE DAWSON, J. D. CAMERON. 

